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Polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) preserves the polarization state along its length, unlike standard optical fiber. PM patch cords, couplers, and isolators maintain polarization alignment in optical systems. PMF technology finds applications in optical communications, fiber optic sensors, optical fiber gyroscopes, coherent optical systems, and quantum computing, where polarization control is crucial for signal integrity, sensing … Read more

Fiber optic sensors utilize optical fibers to detect various physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Their unique advantages, such as high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and remote sensing capabilities, have led to their widespread application in industries ranging from healthcare to aerospace. Leading research institutions, government agencies, and industry leaders continue to push the boundaries … Read more

The fiber optic gyro (FOG) is an angular velocity sensor based on the Sagnac effect. It has high sensitivity, no drift, wide dynamic range, and a long operating life. The major entities in FOG research include Honeywell, Northrop Grumman, and KVH Industries. Leading academic institutions include the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and the … Read more

Polymer optical fibers (POFs) are a promising alternative to traditional glass fibers, offering advantages such as flexibility, low cost, and high data transmission rates. Research and development in POFs involve collaborations between companies, research institutions, and industry associations. Notable companies include Mitsubishi Chemical, Sumitomo Chemical, and Corning, which have made significant contributions to POF development. … Read more

Automated fiber placement (AFP) is a composite fabrication method where a robotic arm places carbon fiber tows onto a mold to create complex structures. It offers increased design flexibility, reduced waste, and enhanced mechanical properties compared to traditional composite layup techniques. Companies: Discuss leading companies involved in the research, development, and production of advanced composites, … Read more

PoE over Fiber (PoF) merges the advantages of Power over Ethernet (PoE) with the extended reach and bandwidth of fiber optic cables. This technology enables organizations to distribute both data and power over a single fiber, simplifying installations and reducing cabling costs. By combining the expertise of key industry players like IEEE, ITU-T, Raydiall, EWT, … Read more

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a network architecture that utilizes fiber optic cables and protocols to provide high-speed data transmission. It consists of hardware components such as switches, transceivers, and fiber optic cables, which facilitate data transfer. The software components, including the operating system and FDDI protocol stack, manage network operations and communication. Other … Read more

Sperry Gyroscope Corporation, founded by Elmer Sperry, was a pioneer in the development of gyroscopic technology for navigation and stabilization. Through mergers and acquisitions, it became part of General Precision Equipment Corporation and eventually Honeywell Inc. Over the decades, the company’s innovations, including inertial navigation systems and avionics, have revolutionized aerospace, marine, and defense industries. … Read more

Confinement loss in optical fiber occurs when light escapes the core and cladding region due to imperfections or environmental factors. This loss arises from the wave nature of light and the interaction between the optical wave and the fiber structure. The confinement loss is influenced by fiber parameters such as core diameter, numerical aperture, and … Read more

Polarization maintaining optical fiber (PM fiber) is a specialized type of optical fiber that preserves the polarization state of light passing through it over long distances. This unique property is achieved by incorporating stress-applying materials into the fiber’s core, which induces birefringence and maintains the desired polarization state. PM fiber is crucial in optical communication … Read more

Gyroscopes, sensors that detect angular velocity, play a vital role in motorcycle safety and performance. Major manufacturers like Bosch and Continental provide gyroscopes in three types: mechanical, optical, and MEMS, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Gyroscopes enable stability control, traction control, and rollover detection, enhancing rider safety. They complement accelerometers and IMUs in providing … Read more

A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) is a device used to measure angular velocity. It consists of a closed-loop laser cavity, with two counter-propagating beams of light. Any rotation of the cavity causes the beams to experience different path lengths, resulting in a phase shift between them. This phase shift is proportional to the angular velocity, … Read more